Frequently Asked Questions for uk.telecom.mobile

UPDATED: Version: 3.5: March 2004


This FAQ attempts to provide answers to questions frequently asked in the newsgroup uk.telecom.mobile.

Freedom Mobiles

Version 3.0 onwards is edited by Alex Procopiou (aetos .AT. despammed .DOT. com)

From version 2.0 it is currently edited by Scott Allison of Freedom Mobiles.
A UK based mobile and cordless phone online retailer.

Contact: scott AT freedom - mobiles . co . uk

Disclaimer: This information has been culled from postings to uk.telecom.mobile, email, and individual research. The editor and the individual FAQ contributors give no guarantees of accuracy.

To provide some measure of protection against Unsolicited Commercial Email (UCE), private email addresses have been camouflaged by replacing the "@" sign with ".AT."

Thanks:

Thanks first of all those who participate in the uk.telecom.mobile newsgroup.

Secondly, thanks to Russell Whitworth (russell.AT.anchorag.demon.co.uk) - who was the previous editor of this FAQ.

Thanks in particular to the contributions (intended or otherwise) from:


Introduction: List of Questions

Subject 1: uk.telecom.mobile

Q1.1: What is uk.telecom.mobile? UPDATED

Q1.2: Where can I advertise my mobile for sale?

Subject 2: Mobile operators and networks

Q2.1: Which network is best?

Q2.2: Where can I get details of coverage?

Q2.3: How does the network find the mobile phone?

Q2.4: Can I call a UK mobile from overseas?

Q2.41: Help! Is my mobile number changing? UPDATED

Q2.5: How do mobile phones work in tunnels?

Q2.6: How many subscribers do the UK networks have? (UPDATED September 2003)

Q2.7 Hoaxes: "I've heard that pressing 90#....." and "free call codes" (UPDATED November 2003)

Q2.8 Virgin Mobile: are they a mobile phone network?

Q2.9 And what about "Value Telecom", "Telecom Plus" and "C&W Business Mobile" UPDATED

Q2.10 What are the 3rd generation licences about?

Q2.11 What has happened to BT Cellnet and one2one? UPDATED

Subject 3: Handsets and subsidies

Q3.1: Who supplies the handsets?

Q3.2: What is the catch in accepting a "free" mobile phone?

Q3.3: Can I use my SIM in a different phone, and vice-versa? UPDATED

Q3.4: Where can I find out the "secret codes" for my handset?

Q3.5: Where can I get some new tunes for my phone?

Q3.6: I have lost my mobile phone user manual, where can I find a replacement on the web? UPDATED

Q3.7: What are all those locks, PIN, PUK, SP-lock etc?

Subject 4: Tariffs

Q4.1: What is the difference between contracts, advance packs, post paid, pre-pay and pre-paid? UPDATED

Q4.2: How can I reduce the cost of running a mobile phone?

Q4.3: What does it cost to call a UK mobile from abroad?

Q4.4: Orange has blocked access to my 0800 calling card. What can I do?

Q4.5: Will Orange really let you have another networks' tariff with the Orange Value Promise UPDATED

Q4.6: Will Orange let you join Virgin OVP with your own phone? UPDATED

Subject 5: Analogue (TACS) networks (now closed)

Q5.1: When did the analogue networks close?

Subject 6: Digital (GSM-900/GSM-1800) networks

Q6.1: What is GSM, DCS, PCN, PCS?

Q6.2: What facilities are present in GSM handsets to counter theft and cloning?

Q6.3: Can I use a modem with GSM?

Q6.4: How do GSM networks support data calls?

Q6.41: How fast is GSM data? UPDATED

Q6.5: How do I get free calls to the Internet?

Q6.6: How do I convert my full-size SIM to a mini-SIM, and vice-versa?

Q6.7: Can I make emergency calls (112/999) on a phone with no SIM?

Q6.8: How does the "90#" scam work?

Q6.9: What are the area codes shown on Vodafone's Cell Broadcast? UPDATED

Q6.10: What is EFR?

Q6.11: What does EFR cost?

Q6.12: How do I enable EFR?

Subject 7: Value-Added Services

Q7.1: How can I check the status of a GSM phone's divert and call waiting?

Q7.2: Which countries can I roam in?

Q7.3: What will I see on the bill for a roamed call?

Q7.4: How does billing for roamed calls actually work?

Q7.5: What is SMS?

Q7.6: How does SMS work?

Q7.7: What does it cost?

Q7.8: What is the SMSC number for my network?

Q7.9: Where can I find information on SMS in the Vodafone literature?

Q7.10: How can I set my mobile's voicemail service to send me an SMS instead of phoning me when I have a message?

Q7.11: How do I make SMS MO work on my Orange JustTalk?

Q7.12: Does SMS work between networks, and whilst roaming?

Q7.13: There are no roaming agreements between UK networks; does this mean I can't send SMS to someone on a different UK network?

Q7.14: Can I send SMS to a personal number?

Q7.15: My friend's phone can receive SMS from network X via SMSC Y but mine can't, even though we're on the same UK network. Why?

Q7.16: How can I send SMS from a normal telephone?

Q7.17: How can I send SMS to someone from the Internet?

Q7.18: How can I arrange to receive SMS from the Internet? UPDATED

Q7.19: Why are people so reluctant to divulge information about SMS Internet gateways on groups like uk.telecom.mobile?

Q7.20: My phone has options for outgoing message format, like Text, X.400 and Fax. What is that all about?

Q7.21: What other services are available with SMS?

Q7.22: How can I stop incoming junk ("spam") SMS? NEW

Q7.23: Do Orange have an SMTP server so that I can send email via GPRS? NEW

Subject 8: Batteries

Q8.1: What are the various sorts of rechargeable cells?

Q8.2: Why do some batteries have a switch with a red dot on it?

Subject 9: Antennas

Q9.1: What kind of antenna do I need for my car?

Q9.2: Do "passive" antennas for vehicles really work?

Subject 10: Health risks

Q10.1: Are mobile phones dangerous? UPDATED

Q10.2: Do mobile phones interfere with medical equipment?

Subject 11: Further reading

Q11.1: Where can I get further information?

Questions and Answers

Subject 1: uk.telecom.mobile

Q1.1: What is uk.telecom.mobile?

uk.telecom.mobile came into being in April 1997, in an attempt to separate mobile-related discussions from the fixed- network topics that remain on uk.telecom. The formal definition of its purpose is contained in the Charter:

This group is for the discussion of topics relevant to:-

1) The UK mobile and paging telephone companies (e.g., Hutchison 3G, O2, Vodafone, T-Mobile & Orange). Fixed wireless services (e.g. Ionica, Tele2 & Atlantic Telecom) are NOT mobile.

2) Telephone equipment available for the above networks

UPDATED Advertisements are now totally not permitted.
The group's charter may be found at: http://www.usenet.org.uk/uk.telecom.mobile.html

Binaries are not permitted on this group, however references to FTP-able material and Web URLs are allowed.

Readers interested in fixed wireless services, as well as cordless phones, should try uk.telecom instead. Of course there will always be grey areas between the two; but fortunately CT-2 is dead in the UK, so we don't have to quibble about that one!

Q1.2: Where can I advertise my mobile for sale?

Neither uk.telecom.mobile nor its parent uk.telecom is the place for private advertising. Possible places for advertising include news:uk.adverts.telecom.mobile,news:alt.telecom.uk.marketplace,http://www.loot.com/, http://eswap.co.uk/, http://www.ebay.co.uk ("visitor services" section).

Subject 2: Mobile operators and networks

Q2.1: Which network is best?

"Best" for what? Each of the four GSM digital networks offers a different combination of coverage, quality, customer service, roaming agreements, value-added features, tariff packages, and contract terms. If in doubt, by all means ask the users on uk.telecom.mobile, but please:
  1. a) Be more specific than "which network is best?" if you want a sensible answer
  2. b) Be aware that very few individuals have direct experience of all six networks
  3. c) Be aware that some individuals are as emotionally attached to their choice of network as they are to their car or their operating system!

Q2.2: Where can I get details of coverage and which is network is best?

All operators have WWW versions of their coverage maps; some (but not all) even update them from time to time. See URLs at the end of this FAQ.

Twice a year OFTEL conducts independent audited surveys of network quality in conjunction with the four GSM network operators. The latest results can be found on the OFTEL website, as well as historical surveys: Mobile network operators’ call success rate survey

Q2.3: How does the network find the mobile phone?

When a mobile is switched on it sends a registration message to a local cell (usually the one with the best quality signal). Data about where that mobile is can then be sent to (& stored in) the nearest Visitor Location Register (VLR). In addition, the user's Home Location Register (HLR) record is updated to point to the VLR that they are currently visiting. These databases can be interrogated by any switch on the network that is trying to call that mobile.

When mobiles move from one location area to another, they will update their VLR and HLR records accordingly.

At regular intervals (typically around 15 minutes) the network will interrogate the phone to check that it is still present. This ensures that the HLR is kept up-to-date.

When a call is made to a mobile, calling signals will be sent out to the location area (not just the individual cell) in which the mobile is currently registered.

Q2.4: Can I call a UK mobile from overseas?

Yes. However, there have been frequent reports post- phONEday of overseas networks not getting their routing tables right, particularly for some of the newer mobile prefixes. Taking an example of a UK mobile (country code 44) with the number 0468 123 456, being dialled from a country whose international access code is 00, then the correct (and only) way to dial the mobile is: 00 44 468 123 456. If you encounter a message telling you that UK codes have changed and you should insert a "1", then the message is in error. Inserting a "1" won't work, and might result in you getting routed to and charged for a wrong number. Call the operator concerned (hoping that they speak English), report it as a fault, and try to get them to put you through manually preferably without charging you for operator assistance. With this confusion hopefully now resolved (it was 5 years ago!) OFTEL has put another set of changes upon us: The Big Number.

Q2.41: Help! Has my mobile number changed? UPDATED

All mobile numbers have an 07 code as of the 30th of September 1999. For some codes this just means inserting a 7 after the leading 0. Some older codes are more radically altered. Parallel running of both the old and new codes took place until 28th April 2001. For more details see: http://www.ukphoneinfo.com/

Q2.5: How do mobile phones work in tunnels?

Using 'leaky feeders'. Basically run a length of thick coax and cut sections of the outer shielding off (about 6" to a foot) every now and again. This may be done in the Channel Tunnel too.

Q2.6: How many subscribers do the UK networks have? UPDATED

Penetration now exceeds 80% of the UK population.

Useful link and commentary on mobile networks in the UK: http://www.mobiletoday.co.uk/artman/publish/article_189.shtml
 
Subscriber Totals
end 1994
end 1995
end 1996
end 1997
end 1998
end 1999
end 2000
end 2001
end 2002
end 2003 Change
O2
 ?
 2,300,000
 2,680,000
 2,990,000
4,040,000
6,950,000
10,282,000
11,075,000
12,002,000
13,050,000
+430,000
T-Mobile
 ?
375,000 
545,000 
 1,014,000
1,920,000
4,160,000
8,324,000
10,430,000
12,400,000
13,640,000
TM707,000
V506,000
Orange
89,000
379,000 
785,000 
 1,200,000
2,162,000
4,900,000
9,800,000
12,387,000
13,300,000
13,650,000
+279,000
Vodafone
 ?
 2,332,000
 2,800,000
3,140,000 
4,870,000
7,940,000
11,663,000
13,164,000
12,166,000
13,950,000
+464,000
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
210,000
N/A
Virgin and other virtual network operators using T-Mobile are included in their figures, e.g. Fresh, Value Telecom, Telecom Plus, Cable & Wireless
Vodafone figures include virtual networks such as Aerofone and One.Tel.
The drop for Vodafone figures in Q3 2002 is because these figures now only count active customers, like other networks too.

















Q2.7: HOAXES: "I've heard that pressing 90# or 90* on my phone...." and "free call codes" - UPDATED


Q2.8: Virgin Mobile: Are they a mobile phone network?

In November 1999 Branson launched a new "network", which in fact is a joint venture with T-Mobile, so you get the exact same coverage and capacity as a T-Mobile customer does. Virgin sell their own-branded phones, through their website, call centre, Virgin and Our Price stores. To "cut out the middle man" Virgin only sell them direct, so don't expect your friendly independent dealer to have any! (Though it is worth saying that most good local specialist dealers will be able to explain the pros and cons of the Virgin service compared with others). You will find the Virgin mobile stand next to the cash desk in their record shops. As with any mobile phone deal, potential customers should think carefully about what their usage pattern is likely to be, if you suit the Virgin call charges it may be ideal - but for many customers Virgin will prove to be much more expensive (for example, if most of your calls are to non-Virgin Mobile phones). Look before you leap!

More info: Virgin Mobile

Q2.9: And what about "OneTel Mobile", "NTL Mobile", "BT Mobile", "Fresh" (formerly "Value Telecom"), "Telecom Plus" and "C&W Business Mobile"

In a similar way to Virgin, all of these services are service provider businesses in conjunction with the T-Mobile network, with the exception of OneTel that use Vodafone's infrastructure and NTL Mobile that use Orange's.

Q2.10: What are the 3rd generation licences about?

First came analogue mobile phones, the first generation. Then came GSM, digital. Second generation. Now countries around the world are starting to hand out licences for the 3rd generation networks, which utilise improved technology to give high bandwidth multimedia capable connections to your mobile. In the UK the Government has raked in £22Bn from the auction of third generation frequencies. All the current operators were awarded a licence, and the winner of the largest licence, reserved only for a newcomer was TIW of Canada, who currently own Dolphin the business orientated digital PMR service. However, they have partnered with Hutchison Telecom who will operate the network and will essentially be the licence holders. On the 3rd of April 2003, Hutchison 3G UK Ltd launched their service officially, and the service and company are to be known as just "3". See http://www.three.co.uk/

Q2.11: What has happened to BT Cellnet and one2one?

one2one >>> T-Mobile
On April 18th 2002 one2one formally changed its name to be T-Mobile, to reflect the new ownership of the company by Deutsche Telekom of Germany. At the same time the T-Mobile brand name replaces the existing network brand names in a few other countries. T-Mobile is now being marketed as the "only transatlantic mobile network" - to emphasises their ownership of GSM network operators such as Voicestream in the USA (now all Voicestream services have been rebranded to T-Mobile USA).

Cellnet >>> BT Cellnet >>> O2
On April 22nd 2002 the network originally know as just Cellnet changed it's name to O2. The new brand reflects the fact that Cellnet is no longer a department with BT, it is now a separately quoted company comprising of 4 international networks. The holding company is mmO2 plc. Other networks simultaneously rebranded include Digifone in Ireland, Telfort in Holland and Viag Interkom in Germany. The company seems to have a new invigorated, independent self, despite the silly name! 

UPDATE - BT has recently re-entered the mobile market, by setting up yet another virtual network using T-Mobile's infrastructure. It'll be known as BT Mobile and more information on costs and tariffs can be found at http://www.bt.com/mobile/ 


Subject 3: Handsets and subsidies

Q3.1: Who supplies the handsets?

Jules Nicholson (jules.AT.junic.demon.co.uk) writes:

In the case of T-Mobile and Orange the manufacturers supply the networks, then the networks (generally) repackage the handsets with network specific documentation, then the networks supply either the dealer directly (if authorised dealer) or supply the dealers via appointed distributors.

In the case of Vodafone and O2, it varies a bit more - the networks don't generally supply handsets at all. Either the dealer buy the handset from the Service Provider, or takes a subsidy commission from the SP and buys their own handsets elsewhere.

Since pre-pay has evolved and now generates approximately 70% of all connections all these handsets are sourced and supplied directly by the network to their distribution channels. The dealer almost never has the choice of handset to supply on pre-pay.

Q3.2: What is the catch in accepting a "free" mobile phone?

When you buy a phone in the UK the dealer will either have received the phone at a subsidised price from the network operator (Orange, T-Mobile) or they will receive a payment from the operator when they sign you up for service (O2, Vodafone). It is not unusual to see apparently very cheap phones on sale, or even free offers. However, the dealer won't actually provide the phone unless you sign up for service, thus guaranteeing them their payment.

Also, beware of gotchas such as the following:

Q3.3: Can I use my SIM with a different phone, and vice-versa?

In principle yes, but there are several hurdles:
  1. SIM must be the right size. See Q6.6
  2. The phone must not be 'SP-locked' (aka, confusingly, SIM-locked) to a different network to your SIM (see below). Try the SIM in the phone - it won't hurt, and if you can read the name/number memories, you are OK.
  3. Sometimes new SIMs may not work with very old phones.
  4. The phone must be able to 'see' on its frequency(ies) either the SIM's home network or one with a roaming agreement. O2 and Vodafone use mostly 900 MHz with a little bit of 1800 MHz, Orange and T-Mobile use exclusively 1800 MHz. So an Orange SIM in a 900 MHz phone won't work in the UK because Orange don't roam with O2 or Vodafone (but it should work abroad).
  5. UPDATED The phone must not be blacklisted (e.g. if it has been stolen). Now, all networks authenticate against a blacklist - see http://www.immobilise.com/ 
Finally, the answer is NO for O2 Easylife/U which use special software - the phone and SIM only work with each other.

A 'SIM-lock' is a GSM feature enabling phones to be locked so that they will only accept SIMs from one particular network, or from one particular service provider, or users from one company, or even one particular subscriber.

UPDATED In the UK, Orange and T-Mobile phones have traditionally been locked to SIMs from their respective networks; O2 and Vodafone phones are normally not. However this has changed recently with all pre-pay handsets being locked and all Vodafone Live! handsets.

SIM-locked phones can be unlocked on payment of a fee.

Orange and T-Mobile charge GBP 20 +VAT for unlocking. If you're terminating your contract before the minimum period, they'll also ask you for the rental for all the remaining months of your contract.

If you do not disconnect from their network, you only have to pay for unlocking. Not all Orange and T-Mobile CS representatives understand this.

Iain Harrison (iain.AT.hairydog.clara.net) offers this:

Orange lock their phones to their network, and there are different sorts of SIM. A 2140 SIM won't work in a 5.1 ["Some will, some won't," says George Hills (strowger.AT.ccl4.org)], because Orange introduced a locking system to stop other SPs using Orange-subsidised handsets with 'through SP' SIMs and airtime.

You can switch Orange SIMs between phones of the same SIM phase: I have two 2140s but only 1 SIM, which works fine in either handset.

You can put an Orange SIM into any unlocked GSM phone. I maintain my 2140's SIM directory in my 8110, using the cellular data suite with no problems at all.

Q3.4: Where can I find out the "secret codes" for my handset?

http://www.mobileworld.org/

Q3.5: Where can I get some new tunes for my phone?

Try http://hem1.passagen.se/dreed/index2.htmornews:alt.cellular.nokia.ringtones.

Or the following sites direct to your phone via SMS:

Q3.6: I have lost my mobile phone user manual, where can I find a replacement on the web? UPDATED

Most user manuals can be found on the relevant manufacturers' web sites.

Q3.7: What are all those locks, PIN, PUK, SP-lock etc?

Name Digits Location Purpose
PIN 4-8 SIM Owner can prevent unauthorised calls from SIM
PUK 8 SIM Resets PIN if you got it wrong 3 times
PIN2 4-8 SIM Owner can restrict use of some features on the phone, such as fixed dialling lists
PUK2 8 SIM Resets PIN2 if you get it wrong 3 times
Phone lock variable Phone Model-dependent
SP-lock 10 Phone Ties the phone to a particular set of SIM cards
"Password" variable
Network
Switch call barring on/off (if supported)
Mailbox PIN 4-10
Network
Protects voicemail

If you get the PIN wrong 3 times, you require the PUK (Personal UnblocK).

The PUK can be obtained free by calling your service provider (the phone number on your bill). That lets you choose a new PIN.

Do not try and guess the PUK - if you get it wrong 10 times the SIM card will 'commit suicide' and you'll need a new one (chargeable).

For the phone lock, you'll probably need to contact the handset manufacturer and prove you're the legitimate owner. There is usually a factory default but it is user-changeable.

To remove the SP-lock, the easy way is to call the network that sold the phone, pay the fee (see Q3.3). They'll then give you a 10-digit code and talk you through entering it on the keypad.

Contrary to popular belief, in most cases the SP-lock is not derived from the IMEI by means of some secret algorithm, so don't bother asking for it!

For some phone models it is (allegedly) possible to zap the SP-lock by attaching a cable to the phone... for which you will need the services of a dodgy bloke on the Tottenham Court Road (at your own risk!).


Subject 4: Tariffs

Q4.1 What is the difference between contracts, advance packs, post paid, pre-pay and pre-paid?

UPDATED There are 4 types of mobile phone contract in the UK:

  1. The traditional monthly line rental deal comprises of a 12 month contract and the provision of a subsidised handset. Credit checking is always required and as such are only available to over 18s. There are approximately 30-40 network recommended tariffs to choose from and many handsets as well.
  2. Pay in advance packs (aka pre-paid such as Orange Boxed & Ready, T-Mobile All-In-One, O2 Advance) were the same as above, but for a one off fee included a handset, connection and 12/15 month line rental pre-paid.  However, these are now obsolete, as the networks discontinued them some time ago.
  3. Pre-pay phones do not require a credit check, but the handset cost is also subsidised to a degree. To make calls customers require to credit their account by paying with a credit/debit card over the phone, or buying vouchers from newsagents, supermarkets, petrol stations, etc. The full level of network services are denied to such users, so you cannot usually roam in all countries, make data calls, get inclusive calls, etc. With the cost of pre-pay handsets often being similar to pay-in-advance packs (and call charges usually much more) potential buyers should always consider pay-in-advance packs as a better value alternative, unless under 18 when pre-pay is the only service you may have in your own name. It is a common fallacy that a pre-pay service is always cheaper than a monthly subscription service, so if you take pre-pay make sure you keep the top-up vouchers and after a few months top up how much you have been spending every month.
          NOTE: pay as you talk = PAYT and pay as you go = PAYG
  1. According to Vincent Paul Wilton, "With the new T-Mobile Mix-It plans, there is arguably a 4th variant - I'd call it a hybrid mix between Monthly Line Rental and Pre-Pay - offering fixed monthly charges on a given T-Mobile Price Plan, but without the ability to run up a standard monthly call charges bill - any usage which isn't part of the "monthly" allowances, requires a top-up card just like Pre-Pay."

Q4.2: How can I reduce the cost of running a mobile phone?

A number of firms have set themselves up as "Contract Brokers", and sell SIM-only contracts. The idea is to sell to existing (or ex) Vodafone and O2 GSM users, who have their own phone that: - is not stolen - does not have money owing on it - is not locked to a service provider etc (see SIM locking)

What you get is a subsidy-free SIM-only contract, which works out cheaper in most cases than a conventional subscription.

It would be foolish to state that so-and-so does the best deal, as deals can change from week to week. Try a search of uk.telecom.mobile for "SIM only" in message texts and you are likely to find discussions on current deals, etc.

A list of companies offering Free Line Rental/SIM Only Contracts can be found at: http://www.hairydog.co.uk/simonly.html

George Hills offers these suggestions:

Users of Orange may find that they can reduce call costs by using a calling card, or similar service, accessed via an 0800 number.

How this works :

The networks do their best to stop this by barring these access numbers. Despite this, there are some services available which have not been barred. Posting access numbers to uk.telecom.mobile is a good way to get the numbers barred and make yourself generally unpopular, since all of the operators monitor this newsgroup.

Users of networks which do not allow free calls to 0800 numbers can use a US-based callback service.

How this works :

Yes, dialling from the USA back to the UK actually does work out cheaper than calling direct for many users. The networks are less likely to bar these, however there are pitfalls: Just Dial - a service which lets you call a UK 0870 national rate number, then once connected dial an international number (from a list of "popular" countries) and you get put straight through. So all you pay is the cost of the national call, effectively the international portion of your call is free. It will be interesting to see if this service makes any money, but to find out more and use it visit: http://www.just-dial.com/ As well as cost savings for many mobile users if you use a pre-pay service without international calling, or your service provider will not lift the international bar this may be your only way to call to outside the UK. Users report that compression can be quite severe on the lines, so if you want a crystal clear connection unfortunately it looks like you will have to pay the usual steep rates for this!

There are now a plethora of Just Dial equivalents, for a comprehensive summary visit here: http://www.geocities.com/iceburnmarko/telecomuk.html

There are other possible answers to this question (including "talk less"!) which may or may not be added to subsequent versions of the FAQ.

Q4.3: What does it cost to call a UK mobile from abroad?

It used to cost the same as any international call to the UK. However, Vodafone set the ball rolling a few years ago by asking for payments from BT for calls terminating on Vodafone from overseas. This has radically changed the landscape and now you will find most telecom operators, no matter where you are in the World now have two rates for each foreign country: fixed and mobile. This has remedied the situation where you could ring a mobile phone thousands of miles away (in a foreign country) for less than the cost of ringing one in the same room as you.

Q4.4: Orange has blocked access to my 0800 calling card. What can I do?

Tough luck, they are within their rights to do this. Speak to the calling card company and try and get another 0800 number.

Q4.5: Will Orange really let you have another networks' tariff with the Orange Value Promise UPDATED

Yes! It seems amazing to some people but it is true. As a bid to decrease the number of people leaving the network this was introduced and you can now have the equivalent of virtually any O2, T-Mobile, Vodafone or Virgin tariff on the Orange network. It is also available from day one to new customers joining Orange.

"If you think another popular digital package from a UK network would suit you better, you can have the equivalent on
the Orange network. "

Some of the small print: Includes the same charges for international calls, answerphone services, itemised billing, non-direct debit payments and other aspects of the package. Orange Care (Insurance & Warranty with 24 hour express replacement) is not included, but can be purchased for just £5 per month. Orange do not match other networks features, coverage, or replacement phone schemes. They are matching only the tariff. As a bonus, as an Orange customer, you will receive Network Performance Promise, Rollover Minutes (if applicable), Orange Everyphone (although this is set to be discontinued on 1st October 2003 for personal and small business customers) and the option to use Line Two, etc.

Orange seem perfectly happy with the figures from the Value Promise, they claim they make more money out of such customers, their interpretation of this is that it just proves what good value Orange tariffs are!

Q4.6: Will Orange let you join Virgin OVP with your own phone? UPDATED

No, there is no work around for this any more. If you want to join Orange on Virgin OVP you MUST take a new phone at the same time.
UPDATE Some people have recently reported that this may be possible if you have owned a registered Just Talk SIM card for three months or more.


Subject 5: Analogue (TACS) networks

Q5.1: When did the analogue networks close?


Subject 6: Digital (GSM-900/GSM-1800) networks

Q6.1: What is GSM, DCS, PCN, PCS?

GSM is "Global System for Mobile", which is an open specification owned by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Originally, GSM was intended for use at 900 MHz.

DCS, or DCS-1800, is an extension to the GSM specification that allows it to be used at 1800 MHz.

PCN, standing for "Personal Communications Network", was a term used by the Department of Trade and Industry when they issued licences for the 1800 MHz band in the UK. The two resulting PCN networks (Orange and T-Mobile) used the DCS-1800 specification, with minor modifications in the case of Orange.

PCS, or "Personal Communications System", is a North American term, usually referring to the 1900 MHz spectrum auctioned by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) during 1994-96. Some PCS networks are based on a North American variant of the GSM specification, initially called PCS-1900. Other PCS networks use CDMA and other standards.

ETSI now encourages the use of the generic term GSM, for all networks based on the GSM specification. Where it is necessary to differentiate between the flavours of GSM, the following terms are preferred:

GSM-400: GSM at 450 MHz, a migration path for some European operators still operating NMT analogue networks

GSM-900: GSM at 900 MHz, including O2 and Vodafone

GSM-1800: GSM at 1800 MHz, (aka DCS, DCS-1800, PCN) including Orange and T-Mobile

GSM-1900: GSM at 1900 MHz, aka N.American PCS-1900.

Just to keep ETSI happy, this FAQ uses "GSM" to include all of the above.

Q6.2: What facilities are present in GSM handsets to counter theft and cloning?

GSM mobile phones use a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) rather than coding the phone number into the actual phone. This means that the phone's number will change depending on the card. Both the mobile and SIM are validated before a call is set up. Therefore if the mobile is reported stolen it may not work even with a valid card; and if a SIM is reported stolen it won't work in another handset.

GSM is usually encrypted on the air-interface.

Robin Fairburns writes:

The security applies to the air path between the mobile and the base station ... and it's not as strong as they would like you to believe -- someone with the sorts of resources that GCHQ has can crack it in some modest number of minutes. If you think about it for a moment or two, you'll realise that the only way you could have an encrypted path right the way to the receiving telephone would be if that had decryption capability. On the whole, I would prefer a mobile that let me call anyone to one that was "in principle" totally secure.

It'll deter the casual idiot with his scanner, however.

Q6.3: Can I use a modem with GSM?

No.

A modem is a device for converting digital information into an analogue wave-form for transmission (normally) over the telephone network.

GSM networks send all information in digital form, so there is no need for a modem.

But why wouldn't one work? Why not simply connect a modem into the GSM phone's audio circuitry and let it reconvert the analogue signal into digital form?

The reason is that a very clever speech coding algorithm is used in GSM. It has to be clever, in order to squeeze intelligible speech into 13 kbit/s. The coding scheme is called Regular Pulse Excitation-Long Term Prediction (RPE- LTP). RPE-LTP only works because speech contains a lot of redundant information, so a lot of the signal can be thrown away. Subjecting a non-speech signal (like a modem tone) to RPE-LTP will result in a distorted mess.

Try listening to music via a GSM phone... pretty unmusical, isn't it?

So in theory it won't work. In practice, there are unconfirmed reports of some success by strapping an acoustic coupler to a one-2-one phone. But these reports remain unconfirmed, despite numerous challenges on uk.telecom and uk.telecom.mobile.

Confusingly many handset manufacturers now refer to their mobile data accessories as being modems, or soft-modems. These are not really modems as such, but to the user perform the job which they are expecting. i.e. sending and receiving data from their mobile phone.

Q6.4: How do GSM networks support data calls?

Having told you what won't work... what is the answer to what will work? What you need is a data adaptor that enables the digital stream from your PC to be fed directly into the GSM phone. Such devices are currently but lower-cost options are starting to appear. Equipped with such a device it is possible to send 9600 bit/s error-protected data via any of the UK GSM networks. The network will have an "Interworking Function" (actually a bank of modems) that will enable you to make calls to normal PSTN modem-based services.

Some data-enabled phones need a matching PCMCIA card in the PC. Some emulate a modem in the phone, and connect to the PC using a normal RS-232 cable. Some need proprietary software in the PC to do this. e.g. Smart Cellect for some Motorola phones and Datasuite for some Nokia phones.

Q6.41: How fast is GSM data? - UPDATED

Currently the fastest uncompressed data transfer rate is 9600bps, generally this is adequate for sending and receiving simple emails.

The next step is to upgrade networks to support 14400bps, on a single channel. A 50% increase! This is now available from Orange, but you will need a compatible phone to use this rate, the first of which was the Nokia 7110.

Orange is also the only UK network to offer HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) at this time, and by combining channels together achieves connection rates of up to 28800bps. A number of devices supports this including the Nokia Cardphone 2, Nokia 6210, Ericsson T39 and Ericsson T68.

Not all operators will offer either 14400bps or HSCSD, some preferring to wait until the next stage.

Packet Switched Data (GPRS):

During 2002 all UK operators are introduced GPRS technology, an "always-on" data connection. You pay per amount of data sent/received rather than time connected. Up and download speeds are in excess of current rates and can deliver speeds of up to 40kbps. It is a shared service, so you can get a lot less than this. Vodafone, Orange and O2 have launched their GPRS service. T-Mobile's network now fully supports GPRS too.

Q6.5: How can I get free calls to the Internet?

Freephone data calls are not free on any UK network.

Q6.6: How do I convert my full-size SIM to a mini-SIM, and vice-versa?

Carefully.

Paul Mansfield (paulm.AT.motiv.co.uk) writes:

If you have a small sim, you get an adaptor card with it to allow it to be used in a big... this can be used as a stencil/template to mark the wanted area on a large sim to cut it.

However, you'll have to try this at your own risk, but I think with care it should be fairly safe... check the big sim first to make sure you're only cutting away cardboard or plastic!

For the reverse operation, you sellotape the smaller SIM into its original large card, or you get hold of a third party adaptor card.

Q6.7: Can I make emergency calls (112/999) on a phone with no SIM?

Not in the UK. The handset will attempt to make the call, but there is no legal requirement on the network to accept the call. None of the UK networks will accept the call.

Q6.8: How does the "90#" scam work?

It doesn't. It's a hoax. Please don't propagate the hoax any further on uk.telecom.mobile, or anywhere else. See http://www.att.com/features/0398/90pound.html for details. (We thought this was so important that it's now in the FAQ twice).

Q6.9: What are the area codes shown on Vodafone's Cell Broadcast?

The code refers to the charging area used on the long-defunct MetroDigital tariff. This tariff allowed cheaper calls to anywhere from a nominated 'home area'. For convenience these were given names that related to postcodes, although the boundaries did not match those of postcodes. So you could have are BL-A, BL-B and so on.

One cellsite may broadcast more than one home area code - and conversely there may be many cellsites in any one home area code.

The codes are now only of use:

  1. If your tariff includes a "local call" option - the area code that is displayed is the one that is currently local
  2. If you're lost - the approximate post code information might be useful!
UPDATED O2 also have "Cell Broadcast" active on their network, except they broadcast this information on page 200, unlike Vodafone who broadcast on the more traditional page 050.

Q6.10: What is EFR?

Enhanced Full Rate. It gives improved speech quality over the older Full Rate (FR) coding scheme. EFR uses the same bit-rate, but it has a better algorithm to encode the speech. In blind testing, and with a good signal, quality from EFR is very close to that of the fixed telephone network. The difference is quite noticeable.

EFR requires an EFR-capable handset and an EFR-capable network.

Half Rate (HR) also exists, aimed at increasing network capacity by reducing the bandwidth required for a speech connection. But it has not been deployed other than in limited trials, as the quality isn't as good. Confusingly, the French market EFR as HR (which is the abbreviation for Hi-Fi in French).

EFR requires more processing in the handset, and can marginally reduce battery life.

Q6.11: What does EFR cost?

No UK networks charge for EFR.

Q6.12: How do I enable EFR?

Handsets that support EFR normally have it enabled by default. For those few that allow the user to select (e.g. early versions of Nokia 5110) the codes are *3370# to turn it on, *3370* to turn it off.


Subject 7: Value-Added Services

Q7.1: How can I check the status of a GSM phone's divert and call waiting?

The following codes are specified in the GSM specification and thus should work from any GSM phone: To set divert:

Q7.2: Which countries can I roam in?

GSM now exists almost everywhere in the world, with the major exceptions of Korea and Japan, where the mobile phone systems use different standards.

See the "further information" at the end of this FAQ for the URLs of operators' roaming information.

Many parts of the USA and Canada have GSM but it is at 1900 MHz, not 900 or 1800 MHz as used in the rest of the world. This means you need a different single band phone, or triband phone into which you can place your existing SIM card.

You can either buy a 900/1900 dual-band phone in the UK (e.g. the Ericsson T28 World or Nokia 8890), or one way or the other obtain an unlocked GSM-1900 phone. Dealers in the UK and in North America have phones available to rent.

The situation in 2003 is that nearly all manufacturers offer tri-band handsets, including Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola. This offers the most convenient way to roam internationally regardless of where you are.

If buying 2nd-hand (e.g. on http://www.ebay.com), be aware that most US phones are SP-locked, and hence your SIM may not work.

The North American GSM Alliance offers assistance with international roaming:

I have an Orange phone, why can I not roam on "Orange" in Australia?

The Orange network in Australia is operated by Hutchison Telecom of Hong Kong, and it uses a CDMA network - currently completely incompatible with GSM. So even though you see adverts and posters for Orange in Oz your UK Orange phone won't work!

Q7.3: What will I see on the bill for a roamed call?

Billing information when roaming normally consists of a line entry showing date, time, duration of call, whether it was incoming or outgoing (includes dialled digits), cost of call, country in which the subscriber was roaming when call was made or received. The exact format can vary between service providers.

Q7.4: How does billing for roamed calls actually work?

Recovering the costs for roaming calls and settling payments between operators for roamed calls are two separate processes. Recovering costs from subscribers is described first, followed by inter-operator settlements:

Q7.5: What is SMS?

SMS stands for "Short Message Service", and is available to most users on all four GSM networks in the UK. An SMS message consists of a text message of up to 160 characters, plus a time stamp and an originating number.

SMS information beyond the scope of this FAQ can be found at  http://www.btinternet.com/~mrbush/

Q7.6: How does SMS work?

Almost all GSM handsets are capable of receiving an SMS message; this is known as SMS Mobile Terminated (SMS MT). The message is sent from the Short Message Service Centre (SMSC) through the control channels of the network to your handset, which will usually beep and display an envelope icon.

Most GSM handsets can also send SMS messages; this is called SMS Mobile Originated (SMS MO). The message is composed by tapping it out on the keypad (e.g. pressing "777" for the letter "R") and sent to the SMSC through the network control channels. The SMSC is identified by its service centre number, which is set in the SIM card. This is just like a normal phone number and should be in international format starting with +44. There are usually just one or two SMSC numbers for each network.

Q7.7: What does it cost?

On UK networks, it is free to receive SMS, but you pay to send it. The cost, and whether or not it can be offset against inclusive airtime, varies depending on your network and tariff. >From 1st April 1999 the UK networks linked together and you can now send a message to any UK network! Typical rates are:

Q7.8: What is the SMSC number for my network?

It should already be programmed into your SIM card, but...

Q7.9: Where can I find information on SMS in the Vodafone literature?

Vodafone used to give SMS the brand name "Telenote". Look under that.

Q7.10: How can I set my mobile's voicemail service to send me an SMS instead of phoning me when I have a message?

Vodafone Voicemail: dial 1218

O2 Callback: Dial 901; when answered, press * for the menu, then 8, then 6

Orange:  handsets are already modified to use a special SMS for this purpose

Q7.11: How do I make SMS MO work on my Orange JustTalk?

On 1st December 1999 text messaging was launched to all Just Talk users.

Q7.12: Does SMS work whilst roaming?

In most cases, you can use your own service provider's SMSC even if you are roaming abroad.

Q7.13: There are no roaming agreements between UK networks; does this mean I can't send SMS to someone on a different UK network?

Inter-network SMS was introduced from 1st April 1999, for the record Orange and O2 got there first with T-Mobile joining in late April and Vodafone in May/June. Since then SMS has boomed in popularity!

Q7.14: Can I send SMS to an 07 personal "find me anywhere" number?

Not at present. Non-GSM network switches do not currently handle SMS.

Q7.15: My friend's phone can receive SMS from network X via SMSC Y but mine can't, even though we're on the same UK network. Why?

Because you are on a different area code for which the foreign network does not yet have correct routing information, or your service provider has deliberately blocked the incoming SMS. In particular, incoming SMS to Orange sometimes only works with an 0973 area code.

Q7.16: How can I send SMS from a normal telephone?

Most networks offer dial up access to their SMSC which you can connect to with a normal telephone, modem and suitable software. Have a look at their websites - URLs below.

Vodafone offer a service to send a limited range of messages from an ordinary touch tone phone. Call 07785 490 490 and follow the prompts.

Q7.17: How can I send SMS to someone from the Internet?

Some mobile phone companies offer gateways to their SMSC's accessible from the Web or through e-mail addresses. Have a look at http://www.lycos.co.uk/service/sms/,http://www.breathe.com/services/textmessaging.html,http://www.genie.co.uk/, http://www.mtnsms.com/, http://www.orange.net and http://www.omnipoint.com/. An excellent list of gateways can be found at http://www.worldxs.net/sms.html

In the opposite direction, it is possible to send an email from SMS, at http://www.excell.to/ This is free apart from the normal SMS cost. Unfortunately some UK networks are now blocking SMS to this gateway, Vodafone is one of them.

Q7.18: How can I arrange to receive SMS from the Internet?

You could just tell correspondents about one of the gateways, but there are a number of more reliable services which offer you an e-mail address for your phone and deliver incoming messages as SMS. Have a look at Locust - Orange only, http://www.genie.co.uk/ , http://www.airmail.co.uk/

Q7.19: Why are people so reluctant to divulge information about SMS Internet gateways on groups like uk.telecom.mobile?

In the past, widespread information of this kind has led to the gateways being heavily oversubscribed, or being abused by spammers and subsequently being blocked or closed down. By forcing people with a genuine interest to do a little research, perhaps the amount of irresponsible and casual users will be reduced.

Q7.20: My phone has options for outgoing message format, like Text, X.400 and Fax. What is that all about?

This is for future services that may be offered on GSM networks, for sending these types of message direct from a handset without the need for a computer and data card (e.g. X.400 is an e-mail protocol). At present, you should leave it set to Text for normal SMS usage.

Q7.21: What other services are available with SMS?

As with pagers, there are various services, either free and paid for, which will send you things like news summaries and football results. Nokia have a service which lets you download new ringing tunes to certain Nokia handsets using a binary coded SMS message. Vodafone will accept a text message using SMS and send it on as a fax to a UK landline.

(Thanks to David Crooke for his major contribution to the SMS questions and answers)

 Q7.22: How can I stop junk ("spam") incoming SMS? NEW

These falsely inform recipients that they have either won a certain amount of money or a holiday.  In many cases, such messages may claim that the company concerned tried to contact the mobile user on several occasions. In most cases these messages may contain a premium rate number and invite the customer to call it.

Vodafone have just introduced a service that enables their customers to report junk or spam SMS messages.  Vodafone customers should forward the offending message to shortcode: 87726, free of charge.

Other mobile networks' customers may contact the Telephone Preference Service (http://www.tpsonline.org.uk/) which will attempt to remove the customer's mobile number from marketing databases.  ICSTIS (http://www.icstis.org/) may also be contacted if a premium rate number (beginning 09) was included in the offending message.

Q7.23: Do Orange have an SMTP server so that I can send email via GPRS? NEW

Yes. Orange customers should use smtp.orange.net as their outgoing mail server or SMTP server when connected via Orange's GPRS service. Other operators may have similar services, although currently this information is specific to Orange in the UK.


Subject 8: Batteries

Q8.1: What are the various sorts of rechargeable cells?

Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) used to be the normal type of cell for mobile phones. They contain Cadmium, which is poisonous and a pollutant. Charging uses constant current. The voltage increases rapidly, stays on a plateau and then rises again until fully charged. Further charging causes an increase in temperature, which causes the voltage to drop. This drop can be detected and charging terminated.

Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) came next. These store 30-50% more energy density than NiCd, but the price is also higher. The charge/discharge cycle is essentially the same as NiCd.

Lithium ion (Li-ion) cells are the most recent, offering the highest energy densities, but at a price. Charging is complex in order to prevent cell degradation or explosion (in the 70s the police tried using Lithium cells in their handheld PMR sets. They were discontinued due to explosions on chargers in police stations!). Charging requires low constant current at the start, followed by high constant current. Cell voltage rises exponentially and just before full charge the power supply has to be switched from constant current to constant voltage. Charge current then decreases exponentially and after a pre-determined time charging is terminated. Oddly Ericsson have never produced Lithium-Ion cells for any of their phones, they wanted to wait for the next type:

Lithium Polymer: very, very expensive, but very light and thin. If anyone knows the story of Li-Polymer please let me know. The main benefit of these is the material can be shaped in many different ways, so no longer ties down handset manufacturers to battery cells of certain dimensions.

Q8.2: Why do some batteries have a switch with a red dot on it?

The switch is NOT connected in any way to the working of the phone or the battery, it is used as a reminder to the user, i.e. charge battery - expose red dot on switch - shows battery Is fully charged - use battery on phone until low battery warning sounds - remove battery and move switch to cover dot - take spare battery from pocket - forget which battery is which - look for red dot, that is the charged battery...


Subject 9: Antennas

Q9.1: What kind of antenna do I need for my car?

For Orange or T-Mobile you will require one that can operate at 1800 MHz. (Or dual-band if you plan to go abroad with a dual-band phone). For Vodafone or O2  you will need one that can operate at 900Mhz. However if you have a dual-band phone Vodafone and O2 have now launched some transmitters in the UK with an allocation of 1800MHz frequencies. With a dual-band phone that you want to use on both bands, you will need a dual-band antenna.

Q9.2: Do "passive" antennas for vehicles really work?

There is no evidence that they do anything to improve a mobile phone signal. On the other hand they do nothing to make it worse. So if you happen to believe in "go faster stripes"...


Subject 10: Health risks

Q10.1: Are mobile phones dangerous?

There are numerous hazards associated with mobile phones, such as exploding batteries (see above), interference with medical equipment, getting distracted whilst driving, poking your eye, ear or nose with the antenna, etc. However the greatest public concern is with the possibility that radio waves might cause cancer.

To date, public concerns about potential health risks have had relatively little impact on the mobile communications industry. However, upcoming legal action in the US could have a drastic effect. Cases such as: cellphones causing brain tumours, mobile industry failing to undertake adequate research on health issues, mobile industry making fraudulent claims that phones are safe and the industry performing illegal human testing are some examples coming to court.

Most studies to date have not found evidence that normal levels of mobile phone use cause cancer. Other studies (currently in the minority) claim that a link exists. But it will always be very difficult if not impossible to prove that mobile phones are completely safe; no amount of studies producing negative results can conclusively prove the case.

An excellent source of further information on this topic is the UK National Radiological Protection Board or UK Federation of the Electronics Industry. There is also a useful but somewhat US-oriented FAQ at http://www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/cell-phone-health-FAQ/toc.html

In addition to the scientific studies looking at the health issue, Operators also need to tackle the perception of risk, i.e. the process of explaining to customers the results of studies to date.

UPDATED More information may now be obtained from a study conducted by the UK Government entitled The Stuart Report - http://www.iegmp.org.uk/.

Q10.2: Do mobile phones interfere with medical equipment?

Yes, they can. Many hospitals ban their use. The Medical Devices Agency advises health trusts to "formulate local policies, based on the medical devices and the communications equipment in use and the local environment..."

See http://www.medical-devices.gov.uk/mobile.htm


Subject 11: Further reading and Contacts

Q11.1: Where can I get further information?

The Questus website features an extensive list of links to operators, regulators, vendors and other useful sources of information, at http://www.questus.co.uk/links.htm

Orange users mailing list - visit http://www.listman.net/orange/ to subscribe or change your options. There is an archive at the same location, but the egroups archive at http://www.egroups.com/list/Orange/ is more mature. The list is "closed" and therefore only subscribers can post to it.

UPDATED The Three users mailing list - see http://www.smartgroups.com/groups/three/

The Nokia Communicator mailing list is for the users of the Nokia Communicator family of handsets. It is intended to provide a forum where owners (and future owners) can discuss any aspect of this tool. To subscribe to the list, visit:  http://www.listman.net/9000/

Here are some phone numbers of UK mobile operators:

Network Operator URLs: General FAQ sites (independent): Vodafone used to produce a set of Microsoft Windows helpfiles entitled "Vodafone Facts" which provide information on many topics useful to Vodafone users. Although originally designed to aid Service Provider customer care departments, they have now been released to the public. Topics covered include: tariffs, using Recall, Roaming, SP Listing, Vodafone Freepages, Operator Services and more. Unfortunately these are no longer to be found on Vodafone's vast website!


Freedom Mobiles

From version 2.0 it is currently edited by Scott Allison of Freedom Mobiles
A UK based mobile and cordless phone online retailer.

Contact: scott AT freedom - mobiles . co . uk